Polyatomic Ions List and Worksheet

About the Naming Polyatomic Ions List and Worksheet

Use this naming polyatomic ions list and worksheet (answers provided) to quickly learn important chemical names and formulas. There are 4 exercises to practice, plus complete instructions, in the 5 page packet.

Click here for complete instructions in video format.

You can use the packet to quickly review names and formulas for polyatomic ionic compounds. You'll learn the patterns easily, the names and formulas will become obvious, and you'll save tons of time with chemistry class once you know this system. Before getting started, you should understand simple ionic compounds as shown in the Naming Ionic Compounds Worksheet.

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Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are charged groups of atoms. An example is ammonium ion, NH4 +. It has five atoms (one nitrogen and four hydrogens) that share a charge of +1. The polyatomic ions remain intact, and parentheses may be required when using subscripts. For example, ammonium chloride is NH4Cl and ammonium sulfide is (NH4)2S. Ammonium is the only polyatomic cation. Common anions are shown in Table 1.

There are many polyatomic anions. Many occur in families of names.Start by learning the polyatomic ions ending with "-ate" such as chlorate (ClO3 ), nitrate (NO3 ), sulfate (SO4 2-), carbonate (CO3 2-), and phosphate (PO4 3-).

The corresponding "-ite" ion name has one less oxygen and the same charge. For example, chlorite ion is ClO2 . Less commonly used names are the "per__-ate" and "hypo__-ite" forms to indicate different numbers of oxygen.

Key in on the chlorate family in Table 1 to construct names for other ions. For example, sulfite (not in the table) would be SO3 2-, because it has the same charge and one less oxygen than sulfate (SO4 2- in the table).

Notes:

  • Sometimes "bi-" indicates H+ has attached. For example, bicarbonate (HCO3  and carbonate (CO3 2-).
  • Hydroxide, cyanide, acetate, and chromate are common polyatomics that do not occur in families.

Table 1. Polyatomic ions

Polyatomic Ions List ammonium NH4+ cyanide CN- hydroxide OH- perchlorate ClO4- chlorate ClO3- chlorite ClO2- hypochlorite ClO- bromate BrO3- iodate IO3- nitrate NO3- sulfate SO42- carbonate CO32- hydrogen carbonate bicarbonate HCO3- phosphate PO43- hydrogen phosphate HPO42- dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4- chromate CrO42- acetate CH3COO CH3CO2

Know the 5 -ates

Polyatomic ions are NOT in the periodic table. Everything about ionic bonding still applies, except that you cannot figure out the charges by looking at the periodic table like for simple ionic compounds.

You need to either memorize, know, or have the list of polyatomic ions to figure out the names and formulas. There is simply no way to figure out the charges and numbers of oxygen atoms using the periodic table.

We suggest you become familiar with "the five -ates:" chlorate (ClO3 ), nitrate (NO3 ), sulfate (SO4 2-), carbonate (CO3 2-), and phosphate (PO4 3-). Many, many common chemicals in labs and chemistry classes are related to these five.

Exercise 1.

Complete the table of neutral ionic compounds with the formulas and names for each cation-anion pair.

For example, calcium ion Ca2+ and carbonate CO3 2- combine in a 1:1 ratio as the neutral compound calcium carbonate CaCO3, the major component of limestone formations.

Sometimes parentheses are used around polyatomics. For example Ca2+ and hydroxide OH combine in a 1:2 ratio as the neutral compound calcium carbonate Ca(OH)2. The parentheses indicate that there are two hydroxides for each calcium.

Polyatomic Ions List and Worksheet Exercise 1 cations NH4+ ammonium anions SO42- sulfate NO3- nitrate PO43- phosphate CO32- carbonate SO32- sulfite NO2- nitrite

Exercise 2.

Polyatomic Ions List and Worksheet Exercise 4 CuCN NH4NO3 NaNO3 NaNO2 Ca(NO2)2 FeCrO4

Exercise 3.

Polyatomic Ions List and Worksheet Exercise 3 nickel (III) carbonate calcium nitrate copper (II) acetate potassium phosphate silver acetate zinc chromate tin (II) nitrate tin (II) nitrite ammonium bicarbonate copper (II) sulfite sodium hydroxide potassium cyanide potassium phosphide

Exercise 4.

Provide the formula for each compound.

excercise 4_WS

Video Course Version

naming ionic compounds lessons
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